SARCOPENIA IN AGING: DIAGNOSIS, FUNCTIONAL IMPACT AND INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Abstract

This article addresses sarcopenia in the context of aging, highlighting its diagnostic criteria, functional impact, and main intervention strategies. It consists of a literature review analyzing recent evidence regarding prevalence, risk factors, pathophysiological mechanisms, and clinical repercussions of the condition. The findings demonstrate that sarcopenia is a multifactorial and progressive disorder associated with functional decline, frailty, falls, and increased mortality, with higher prevalence among individuals over 70 years of age, socially vulnerable populations, and those with multimorbidities. The importance of early diagnosis in Primary Health Care is emphasized, particularly reduced muscle strength as the main criterion for suspicion according to international guidelines. Finally, the study underscores that interventions based on resistance training combined with adequate nutritional support — especially optimized protein intake and supplementation when necessary — are the most effective strategies for preserving muscle mass and function. An interdisciplinary and individualized approach is essential to promote active and healthy aging.